Bumblebees avoid flowers containing evidence of past predation events

نویسنده

  • K. R. Abbott
چکیده

Bees are at risk of predation from flower-dwelling ambush predators. Since these predators tend to be cryptic, bees trying to mitigate predation risk may need to make use of indirect cues of the predator’s presence. For example, they may use cues of past predation events as indirect cues of current predation risk. I conducted a series of experiments that examined how bumblebees (genus Bombus Latreille, 1802) respond to cues of past predation events. In two field experiments, I found that wild rose (genus Rosa L.) flowers containing a freshly killed bumblebee, or the scent of a freshly killed bumblebee, received fewer bumblebee visits than control flowers. To test the possibility that bumblebees in the first two experiments were avoiding cues of competition risk rather than cues of predation risk, captive-reared bumblebees were given a choice between two artificial flowers — one containing a freeze-killed bumblebee (relatively more similar to a live foraging bee) and the other containing a crush-killed bumblebee (relatively more similar to a bee killed by a predator). Most bumblebees chose the flower containing the freeze-killed bee, supporting the hypothesis that the bumblebees in the first two experiments were attempting to avoid predation. Résumé : Les abeilles courent un risque de prédation de la part des prédateurs qui se tiennent en embuscade dans les fleurs. Puisque ces prédateurs ont tendance à être cryptiques, les abeilles qui essaient de réduire les risques de prédation doivent peut-être utiliser des signaux indirects de la présence des prédateurs. Par exemple, elles peuvent se servir de signes d’épisodes passés de prédation comme signes indirects du risque actuel de prédation. Une série d’expériences m’ont permis d’examiner comment les bourdons (genre Bombus Latreille, 1802) réagissent aux signaux d’événements de prédation du passé. Dans deux expériences de terrain, des fleurs de la rose sauvage (genre Rosa L.), qui contiennent un bourdon fraı̂chement tué ou l’odeur d’un bourdon fraı̂chement tué, reçoivent moins de visites de bourdons que les fleurs témoins. Afin de vérifier la possibilité que, dans les deux premières expériences, les bourdons évitent les signaux de risque de compétition plutôt que les signaux de risque de prédation, des bourdons élevés en captivité ont été placés devant un choix de deux fleurs artificielles — l’une contenant un bourdon tué par gel (relativement plus semblable à un bourdon vivant en train de butiner) et l’autre un bourdon écrasé (relativement plus semblable à un bourdon tué par un prédateur). La plupart des bourdons choisissent la fleur contenant le bourdon tué par gel, ce qui appuie l’hypothèse selon laquelle les bourdons dans les deux premières expériences cherchent à éviter la prédation. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2006